Analysis of the Implementation of the Integrated Halal–Toyyib Supply Chain Program for the MBG Scheme to Prevent Microbial Contamination and Mass Food Poisoning

Abstract

The Free Nutritious Meal Program is a national strategic initiative aimed at improving the health quality of future generations. However, its implementation has encountered serious challenges, marked by incidents of mass food poisoning affecting thousands of students from late 2025 to early 2026. The primary issue underlying this phenomenon is weak supply chain supervision, which leads to the deterioration of food safety and nutritional quality prior to consumption. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the halal and toyyib supply chain in food distribution to prevent microbial contamination and food poisoning incidents. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach through field observations and in-depth interviews with nutrition service units in affected areas, complemented by an analysis of standard operating procedure documents. The findings indicate that the food poisoning incidents were primarily caused by the lack of integration between halal standards and hygiene–health practices during storage and transportation processes. In particular, inadequate temperature control and cross-contamination of distribution equipment were identified as critical contributing factors. The study concludes that the implementation of a supply chain that not only emphasizes the halal status of raw materials but also comprehensively addresses health quality aspects is essential in large-scale food distribution programs. Strengthening regulations and enforcing strict monitoring at every distribution point are therefore necessary to ensure food safety for beneficiaries and to mitigate future public health risks.