The Association between Dietary Patterns and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Indonesian Urban Workers

Abstract

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major global health concern, including in Indonesia. Urbanization and lifestyle changes, such as dietary patterns, contribute to its rise. This study analyzed the association between dietary patterns and T2DM risk among Indonesian urban workers. Major dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis from a 17-item food frequency completed by urban workers in the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5. The association between these dietary patterns and the risk of T2DM was assessed using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding variables. A total of 8545 urban workers were included in the study. Four major dietary patterns were identified: Western, prudent, modern, and traditional. After adjusting for age, sex, nutritional status, physical activity, and smoking status, it was found that individuals with the highest Western dietary pattern had higher odds (OR 2.483, 95% CI 1.636 – 3.767) of T2DM than those in the lowest quartile. The prudent dietary pattern revealed lower odds (OR 0.203, 95% CI 0.130 – 0.317) for T2DM among those in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile. This study highlights the association between specific dietary patterns and the risk of developing T2DM among Indonesian urban workers.